Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 24, Issue 2 , Pages 71-78 , February 2001

Effect of direction of applied mobilization force on the posteroanterior response in the lumbar spine

Received 3 May 1999 ,Revised 2 July 1999

References 

  1. Maitland GD. Vertebral manipulation. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1986;
  2. Grieve GP. Common vertebral joint problems. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone; 1988;
  3. Maher C, Adams R. Reliability of pain and stiffness assessments in clinical manual lumbar spine examination. Phys Ther. 1994;74:801–809
  4. Maher C, Latimer J, Adams R. An investigation of the reliability and validity of posteroanterior spinal stiffness judgements made using a referenced-based protocol. Phys Ther. 1998;78:829–837
  5. Viner A, Lee M, Adams R. Posteroanterior stiffness in the lumbosacral spine: the correlation between adjacent vertebral levels. Spine. 1997;23:2724–2730
  6. Lee M, Latimer J, Maher C. Normal response to large posteroanterior loads: a case study approach. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:369–371
  7. Lee M, Svensson N. Effect of loading frequency on response of the spine to lumbar posteroanterior forces. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993;16:439–446
  8. Allison GT, Edmonston SJ, Roe CP, et al.  Influence of load orientation on the posteroanterior stiffness of the lumbar spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:534–538
  9. Viner A, Lee M. Direction of manual force applied during assessment of stiffness in the lumbosacral spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:441–447
  10. Lee M, Lau H, Lau T. Sagittal plane rotation of the pelvis during lumbar posteroanterior loading. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17:149–155
  11. Lee M, Svensson NL. Measurement of stiffness during simulated spinal physiotherapy. Clin Phys Physiol Measurement. 1990;11:201–207
  12. Loebl WY. The assessment of mobility of metacarpophalangeal joints. Rheumatol Physiol Med. 1972;11:365–379
  13. Winer B. Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1991;
  14. Lee M, Kelly DW, Steven GP. A model of the spine, ribcage and pelvic responses to a specific lumbar manipulative force in relaxed subjects. J Biomech. 1995;28:1403–1408
  15. Latimer J, Holland M, Lee M, Adams R. Plinth padding and measures of posteroanterior lumbar stiffness. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:315–319
  16. Edwards WT, Hayes WC, Posner I, White AA, Mann RW. Variation of lumbar spine stiffness with load. J Biomech Eng. 1987;109:35–42
  17. Lee R, Evans J. An in vivo study of the intervertebral movements produced by posteroanterior mobilization. Clin Biomech. 1997;12:400–408
  18. Nicholson L, Adams R, Maher C. The reliability of a discrimination measure for judgements of non-biological stiffness. Man Ther. 1997;2:150–156

☆ bSchool of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia.

☆☆ Submit reprint requests to: Michael Lee, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.

PII: S0161-4754(01)76217-3

doi: 10.1067/mmt.2001.112568

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 24, Issue 2 , Pages 71-78 , February 2001

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