Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 26, Issue 3 , Pages 139-151 , March 2003

Increasing the cervical lordosis with chiropractic biophysics seated combined extension-compression and transverse load cervical traction with cervical manipulation: nonrandomized clinical control trial

  • Deed E Harrison, DC

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: Deed E. Harrison, DC, 123 Second St, Elko, NV 89801, USA
    • Private practice of chiropractic, Elko, Nev, USA
  • ,
  • Donald D Harrison, PhD, DC

      Affiliations

    • Affiliated Professor, Biomechanics Laboratory, Université du Quebèc à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivière, Quebec, Canada
  • ,
  • Joeseph J Betz, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private practice of chiropractic, Elko, Nev, USA
  • ,
  • Tadeusz J Janik, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CompMath R/C, Huntsville, Ala, USA
  • ,
  • Burt Holland, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Statistics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Penn, USA
  • ,
  • Christopher J Colloca, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private practice of chiropractic, Phoenix, Ariz, USA
  • ,
  • Jason W Haas, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private practice of chiropractic, Elko, Nev, USA

Received 23 January 2002 ,Revised 21 March 2002

References 

  1. Gore DR. Roentgenographic findings in the cervical spine in asymptomatic persons. A ten-year follow-up. Spine. 2001;26:2463–2466
  2. Bovim G, Schrader H, Sand T. Neck pain in the general population. Spine. 1994;19:1307–1309
  3. Katsuura A, Kukuda S, Imanaka T, Miyamoto K, Kanemoto M. Anterior cervical plate used in degenerative disease can maintain cervical lordosis. J Spinal Disord. 1996;9:470–476
  4. Kawakami M, Tamaki T, Yoshida M, Hayashi N, Ando M, Yamada H. Axial symptoms and cervical alignments after cervical anterior spinal fusion for patients with cervical myelopathy. J Spinal Disord. 1999;12:50–56
  5. Matsunaga S, Sakou T, Sunahara N, Oonishi T, Maeda S, Nakanisi K. Biomechanical analysis of buckling alignment of the cervical spine. Spine. 1997;22:765–771
  6. Braaf MM, Rosner S. Trauma of the cervical spine as a cause of chronic headache. J Trauma. 1975;15:441–446
  7. Nagasawa A, Sakakibara T, Takahashi A. Roentgenographic findings of the cervical spine in tension-type headache. Headache. 1993;33:90–95
  8. Vernon H, Steiman I, Hagino C. Cervicogenic dysfunction in muscle contraction headache and migraine (a descriptive study). J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:418–429
  9. Bagnall KM, Harris PF, Jones PRM. A radiographic study of the human fetal spine. I. The development of the secondary cervical curvature. J Anat. 1977;123:777–782
  10. Kai Y, Oyama M, Kurose S, Inadome T, Oketani Y, Masuda Y. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in whiplash injury. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14:487–493
  11. Kai Y, Oyama M, Kurose S, Kamihirakawa K, Oketani Y, Masuda Y. Traumatic thoracic outlet syndrome. Orthop Traumatol. 1998;47:1169–1171
  12. Norris SH, Watt I. The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1983;65:608–611
  13. Borden AGB, Rechtman AM, Gershon-Cohen J. The normal cervical lordosis. Radiology. 1960;74:806–810
  14. Matsunaga S, Onishi T, Sakou T. Significance of occipitoaxial angle in subaxial lesion after occipitocervical fusion. Spine. 2001;26:161–165
  15. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Jones EW, Cailliet R, Normand M. Comparison of axial and flexural stresses in lordosis and three buckled modes in the cervical spine. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001;16:276–284
  16. Harrison DE, Jones EW, Janik TJ, Harrison DD. Evaluation of axial and flexural stresses in the vertebral body cortex and trabecular bone in lordosis and two sagittal cervical translation configurations with an elliptical shell model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:391–401
  17. Matsunaga S, Sakou T, Nakanisi K. Analysis of the cervical spine alignment following laminoplasty and laminectomy. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:20–24
  18. Hohl M. Soft-tissue injuries of the neck in automobile accidents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974;56:1675–1682
  19. Katsuura A, Hukuda S, Saruhashi Y, Mori K. Kyphotic malalignment after anterior cervical fusion is one of the factors promoting the degenerative process in adjacent intervertebral levels. Eur Spine J. 2001;10:320–324
  20. Marchiori DM, Henderson CNR. A cross-section study correlating cervical radiographic degenerative findings to pain and disability. Spine. 1996;21:2747–2752
  21. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. A new 3-point bending traction method for restoring cervical lordosis and cervical manipulation (a non-randomized clinical controlled trial). Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:447–453
  22. Harrison DD, Jackson BL, Troyanovich SJ, Robertson GA, DeGeorge D, Barker WF. The efficacy of cervical extension-compression traction combined with diversified manipulation and drop table adjustments in the rehabilitation of cervical lordosis. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994;17:454–464
  23. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Holland B. Comparisons of lordotic cervical spine curvatures to a theoretical ideal model of the static sagittal cervical spine. Spine. 1996;21:667–675
  24. Cooke MS, Wei SHY. The reproducibility of natural head posture (a methodological study). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;93:280–288
  25. Sandham A. Repeatability of head posture recordings from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Br J Orthod. 1988;15:157–162
  26. Peng L, Cooke MS. Fifteen-year reproducibility of natural head posture (a longitudinal study). Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:82–85
  27. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO, Janik TJ, et al.  Cobb method or Harrison posterior tangent method (which to choose for lateral cervical radiographic analysis?). Spine. 2000;25:2072–2078
  28. Weintraub M. Beauty parlor stroke syndrome (a report of two cases). Neurology. 1992;42(Suppl):340
  29. Weintraub M. Beauty parlor stroke syndrome (a report of five cases). [letter] JAMA. 1993;269:2085–2086
  30. Weintraub M. Beauty parlor stroke (when a beautician becomes a physician). [reply] JAMA. 1993;270:1198–1199
  31. Stratigos J. Vertebrobasilar disease and beauty parlor stroke syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 1995;52:1287–1290
  32. Endo K, Ichimaru K, Shimura H, Imakiire A. Cervical vertigo after hair shampoo treatment at a hairdressing salon (a case report). Spine. 2000;25:632–634
  33. Haldeman S, Kohlbeck FJ, Mcgragor M. Risk factors and pre- cipitating neck movements causing vertebrobasilar artery dissection after trauma and spinal manipulation. Spine. 1999;24:785–794
  34. Thiel H, Wallace K, Donat J, Yong-Hing K. Effect of various head and neck positions on vertebral artery blood flow. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1994;9:105–110
  35. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE. A review of the validity, reliability, and clinical effectiveness of chiropractic methods employed to restore or rehabilitate cervical lordosis. Chiropr Tech. 1998;10:1–7
  36. Wallace HL, Jahner S, Buckle K, Desai N. The relationship of changes in cervical curvature to visual analog scale, neck disability index scores and pressure algometry in patients with neck pain. Chiropractic: J Chiropr Res Clin Invest. 1994;9:19–23
  37. Alcantara J, Heschong R, Plaugher G, Alcantara J. Chiropractic management of a patient with subluxations, low back pain and epileptic seizures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:410–418
  38. Alcantara J, Plaugher G, Thornton RE, Salem C. Chiropractic care of a patient with vertebral subluxations and unsuccessful surgery of the cervical spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:477–482
  39. Kessinger RC, Boneva DV. Case study (acceleration/deceleration injury with angular kyphosis). J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:279–287
  40. Plaugher G, Cremata EE, Phillips RB. A retrospective consecutive case analysis of pretreatment and comparative static radiological parameters following chiropractic adjustments. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1990;13:498–506
  41. Pedersen PL. A prospective pilot study of the shape of cervical hypolordosis. Eur J Chiropr. 1990;38:148–163
  42. Kettner NW, Guebert GM. The radiology of cervical spine injury. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:518–526
  43. Clark WM, Gehweiler JA, Laib R. Twelve signs of cervical spine trauma. Skeletal Radiol. 1979;3:201–205
  44. Juhl JH, Miller SM, Roberts GW. Roentgenographic variations in the normal cervcal spine. Radiology. 1962;78:591–597
  45. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Reliability of spinal displacement analysis on plane x-rays (a review of commonly accepted facts and fallacies with implications for chiropractic education and technique). J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:252–266
  46. Rechtman AM, Borden AGB, Gershon J. The lordotic curve of the cervical spine. Clin Orthop 1961;20:208-15
  47. Shekelle PG, Coulter I. Cervical spine manipulation (summary report of a systematic review of the literature and a multidisciplinary expert panel). J Spinal Disord. 1997;10:223–228
  48. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Electromyographic reflex responses to mechanical force, manually assisted spinal manipulative therapy. Spine. 2001;26:1117–1124
  49. Grauer JN, Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu KN, Dvorak J. Whiplash produces an S-shaped curvature of the neck with hyperextension at lower levels. Spine. 1997;22:2489–2494
  50. Nightingale RW, McElhaney JH, Richardson WJ, Best TM, Myers BS. Experimental impact injury to the cervical spine (relating motion of the head and the mechanism of injury). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78:412–421
  51. Torg JS, Sennett B, Vegso JJ. Spinal injury at the level of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae resulting from the axial loading mechanism (an analysis and classification). Clin Sports Med. 1987;6:159–183
  52. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ. Three-dimensional spinal coupling mechanics. Part II (implications for chiropractic theories and practice). J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:177–186
  53. McGill S, Brown S. Creep response of the lumbar spine to prolonged full flexion. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1992;7:43–46
  54. Adams MA, Dolan P. Time-dependent changes in the lumbar spine’s resistance to bending. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1996;11:194–200
  55. Oliver MJ, Twomey LT. Extension creep in the lumbar spine. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 1995;10:363–368
  56. Woo S, Livesay GA, Runco TJ, Young EP. Structure and function of tendons and ligaments. In:  Mow VC,  Hayes WC editor. Basic orthopaedic biomechanics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;p. 209–252
  57. Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG. Manipulation and mobilization of the cervcal spine. A systematic review of the literature. Spine. 1996;21:1746–1759
  58. Hoving JL, Gross AR, Gasner D, Kay T, Kennedy C, Hondras MA, et al.  A critical appraisal of review articles on the effectiveness of conservative treatment for neck pain. Spine. 2001;26:196–205
  59. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B, Siskin L. Slight head nodding (does it reverse the cervical curve?). Eur Spine J. 2001;10:149–153
  60. Hellsing E. Changes in the pharyngeal airway in relation to extension of the head. Eur J Orthod. 1989;11:359–365
  61. Solomonow M, Zhou BH, Baratta RV, Lu Y, Zhu M, Harris M. Biexponential recovery model of lumbar viscoelastic laxity and reflexive muscular activity after prolonged cyclic loading. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2000;15:167–175

PII: S0161-4754(02)54106-3

doi: 10.1016/S0161-4754(02)54106-3

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 26, Issue 3 , Pages 139-151 , March 2003