Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 27, Issue 7 , Pages 431-441 , September 2004

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Stay-Active Care Versus Manual Therapy in Addition to Stay-Active Care: Functional Variables and Pain

  • Marie I. Grunnesjö, DN

      Affiliations

    • Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine Section, Uppsala, Sweden, and Stockholm Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Corresponding Author InformationMarie Grunnesjö, DN, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology Section, Uppsala Science Park, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
  • ,
  • Johan P. Bogefeldt, MD

      Affiliations

    • Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine Section, Uppsala, Sweden, and Stockholm Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
  • ,
  • Kurt F. Svärdsudd, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine Section, Uppsala, Sweden, and Stockholm Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
  • ,
  • Stefan I.E. Blomberg, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine Section, Uppsala, Sweden, and Stockholm Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Stay Active, Stockholm, Sweden

Received 3 February 2003 ,Revised 24 February 2003

References 

  1. Andersson G. The epidemiology of spinal disorders. In:  Frywmoyer JW editors. The adult spine–principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997;p. 93–141
  2. In:  Nachemson A,  Jonsson E editor. Neck and back pain: the scientific evidence of causes, diagnosis, and treatment. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000;p. 9–24
  3. Hadler NM, Curtis P, Gillings D, Stinnett S. A benefit of spinal manipulation as adjunctive therapy for acute low-back pain: a stratified controlled trial. Spine. 1987;12:703–706
  4. Mathews W, Morkel M, Mathews J. Manipulation and traction for lumbago and sciatica: physiotherapeutic techniques used in two controlled trials. Physiother Pract. 1988;4:201–206
  5. Pope M, Phillips R, Haugh L, Hsieh C-Y, MacDonald L, Haldeman S. A prospective randomized three-week trial of spinal manipulation, transcutaneous muscle stimulation, massage and corset in the treatment of subacute low back pain. Spine. 1994;19:2571–2577
  6. Cherkin D, Deyo RA, Battié M, Street J, Barlow W. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1021–1029
  7. Postacchini F, Facchini M, Palieri P. Efficacy of various forms of conservative treatment in low back pain. A comparative study. Neuroorthop. 1988;6:28–35
  8. Blomberg S, Tibblin G. A controlled, multicentre trial of manual therapy with steroid injections in low-back pain: functional variables, side-effects and complications during four months follow-up. Clin Rehabil. 1993;7:49–62
  9. Delitto A, Cibulka M, Erhard R, Bowling R, Tenhula J. Evidence for use of an extension-mobilization category in acute low back syndrome: a prescriptive validation pilot study. Phys Ther. 1993;73:216–228
  10. Helliwell PS, Cunliffe G. Manipulation in low-back pain. The Physician. 1987;10:187–188
  11. Wreje U, Nordgren B, Åberg H. Treatment of pelvic joint dysfunction in primary care–a controlled study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1992;310–315April
  12. Seferlis T, Németh G, Carlsson A-M, Gillström P. Conservative treatment in patients sick-listed for acute low-back pain: a prospective randomized study with 12 months' follow-up. Eur Spine J. 1998;7:461–470
  13. MacDonald R, Bell C. An open controlled assessment of osteopathic manipulation in nonspecific low-back pain. Spine. 1990;15:364–370
  14. Hsieh C-Y, Adams A, Tobis J, Hong C-Z, Danielson C, Platt K, et al. Effectiveness of four conservative treatments for subacute low back pain. A randomized clinical trial. Spine. 2002;27:1142–1148
  15. Koes B, van Tulder M, Ostelo R, Burton A, Waddell G. Clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain in primary care. An international comparison. Spine. 2001;26:2504–2514
  16. Waddell G. In: The back pain revolution. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1998;p. 438
  17. Indahl A, Velund L, Reikeraas O. Good prognosis for low back pain when left untampered: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. 1995;20:473–477
  18. Torstensen T. The physical therapy approach in the adult spine. In:  Whitecloud T editors. Principles and practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997;p. 1797–1805
  19. Torstensen T, Ljunggren A, Meen H, Odland E, Mowinkel P, Geijerstam S. Efficiency and costs of medical exercise therapy, conventional physiotherapy, and self-exercise in patients with chronic low back pain. A pragmatic, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Spine. 1998;23:2616–2624
  20. Malmivaara A, Hakkinen U, Aro T, Heinrichs M, Koskenniemi L, Kuosma E, et al. The treatment of acute low back pain–bed rest, exercises, or ordinary activity?. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:351–355
  21. Lindström I, Öhlund C, Eek C, Wallin L, Peterson L-E, Fordyce W, et al. The effect of graded activity on patients with subacute low back pain: a randomized prospective clinical study with an operant-conditioning behavioral approach. Phys Ther. 1992;72:279–290
  22. Lindström I, Öhlund C, Eek C, Wallin L, Peterson L-E, Nachemson A. Mobility, strength, and fitness after a graded activity program for patients with subacute low back pain. A randomized prospective clinical study with a behavioral therapy approach. Spine. 1992;17:641–652
  23. Evjent O, Hamberg J. In: Muscle stretching in manual therapy, a clinical manual, the extremities. Vol. 1:Alfta, Sweden: Alfta Rehab Förslag; 1985;p. 7–175
  24. Evjent O, Hamberg J. In: Muscle stretching in manual therapy, a clinical manual, the spinal column and the TM-joint. Vol. 2:Alfta, Sweden: Alfta Rehab Förlag; 1985;p. 7–146
  25. Stoddard A. In: Manual of osteopathic technique. 3rd ed. London: Hutchinson; 1980;p. 11–331
  26. Lewit K. In: Manipulative therapy in rehabilitation of the locomotor system. 2nd ed. London: Butterworth Heinemann; 1991;p. 308
  27. Janda V. In: Muskelfunktionsdiagnostik. Lund: Studentlitteratur; 1976;p. 5–303
  28. Kaltenborn FM, Evjent O. In: The spine; basic evaluation and mobilization techniques. Oslo: Olaf Norlis Bokhandel; 1993;p. 1–286
  29. Mitchel F, Moran P, Prutzzo N. In: An evalution and treatment manual for osteopathic muscle energy procedures. 1st ed. Vol. 1:Valley Park, MO: Mitchel Moran and Prutzzo; 1979;p. 1–565
  30. Kubis E. Iliosacralverschiebung und Muskelfunktion im Beckenbereich als diagnostikum. Manuelle Med. 1969;6:52
  31. Midttun A, Bojsen Traeden J, Bojsen-Möller F. Syndroma ligamenti sacrotuberalis–a case for manual therapy. In: Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain Annual Meeting, Fåborg, Fyn, Denmark. Beder, Denmark: Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain; 1983;p. 43–44May
  32. Lind G. Auto-traction. Treatment of low back pain and sciatica. An electromyeographic, radiographic and clinical study [thesis]. Linköping, Sweden: University of Linköping; 1974.
  33. Natchew E. In: A manual on auto-traction treatment for low back pain. Stockholm: Folksam Scientific Council; 1984;p. 11–317
  34. Salén B, Spangfort E, Nygren Å, Nordemar R. The disability rating index: an instrument for the assessment of disability in clinical settings. J Clin Epidemiol. 1994;47:1423–1434
  35. JMP version 4. Statistics and graphics guide. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 2000;
  36. SAS language and procedures. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 2000;
  37. Jadad A. In: Randomized controlled trials. A user's guide. London: BMJ Books; 1998;p. 18
  38. Meeker WC, Haldeman S. Chiropractic: a profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:216–227
  39. Johansson H, Sojka P. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in genesis and spread of muscular tension in occupational muscle pain and in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes: a hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 1991;35:196–203
  40. Djupsjöbacka M. Regulation of the gamma-muscle-spindle system by chemosensitive muscle afferents, in National Institute of Occupational Health, Division of Work Physiology [thesis]. Umeå, Sweden: Umeå University; 1994;
  41. Heikkilä H, Johansson M, Wenngren B-I. Effects of acupuncture, cervical manipulation and NSAID therapy on dizziness and impaired head repositioning of suspected cervical origin: a pilot study. Man Ther. 2000;5:151–157
  42. Komi PV, Gollhofer A. Stretch reflexes can have important role in force-enhancement during SSC exercise. J Appl Biomech. 1997;13:451–460
  43. Indahl A, Kaigle AM, Reikerås O, Holm SH. Interaction between the porcine lumbar intervertebral disc, zygapophysial joints, and paraspinal muscles. Spine. 1997;22:2834–2840
  44. Avela J, Komi PV. Interaction between muscle stiffness and stretch reflex sensitivity after long-term stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Muscle Nerve. 1998;21:1224–1227
  45. Dishman JD, Bulbulian R. Spinal reflex attenuation associated with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2000;25:2519–2525
  46. Herzog W, Scheele D, Conway PJ. Electromyographic responses of back pain and limb muscles associated with spinal manipulative therapy. Spine. 1999;24:146–152

 This project was supported by grants from the National Social Insurance Board, Stockholm Clinic-Stay Active, Stockholm and Uppsala University.

PII: S0161-4754(04)00126-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.06.001

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 27, Issue 7 , Pages 431-441 , September 2004