Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 68-72 , January 2005

A Revised Definition of Manipulation

  • Howard Vernon, DC, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Director, Centre for the Study of the Cervical Spine, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
    • ,
  • John Mrozek, DC

      Affiliations

    • Dean, Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College,Toronto, Canada

Received 17 August 2003

  • Image Result

    Sandoz model.

    Sandoz model.

  • Image Result

    Model with hypothetical percentage figures. AC, Active range; P, passive range; PH, paraphysiological space (small zone of joint play or “give”); A, anatomic limit.

    Model with hypothetical percentage figures. AC, Active range; P, passive range; PH, paraphysiological space (small zone of joint play or “give”); A, anatomic limit.

  • Image Result

    Distraction and the creation of the “crack” sound.

    Distraction and the creation of the “crack” sound.

  • Image Result

    Typical circumstances in which manipulation is used. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

    Typical circumstances in which manipulation is used. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

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    Manipulation performed within the clinical physiological range. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

    Manipulation performed within the clinical physiological range. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

  • Image Result

    Expected results of the procedure. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

    Expected results of the procedure. For the definition of abbreviations, see Fig 2.

PII: S0161-4754(04)00263-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.12.009

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 68-72 , January 2005

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