Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 68-72 , January 2005

A Revised Definition of Manipulation

  • Howard Vernon, DC, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Director, Centre for the Study of the Cervical Spine, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada
    • ,
  • John Mrozek, DC

      Affiliations

    • Dean, Undergraduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College,Toronto, Canada

Received 17 August 2003

References 

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  6. Panjabi M, Dvorak J, Duranceau J, Yamamoto I, Greber M, Rauschning W, et al. Three-dimensional movements of the upper cervical spine. Spine. 1988;7:726–730
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  9. Wong A, Nansel DD. Comparisons of active vs passive end-range assessments in subjects exhibiting cervical range of motion asymmetries. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:159–163
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  11. Astin JA, Ernst E. The effectiveness of spinal manipulation for the treatment of headache disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Cephalalgia. 2002;22:617–623
  12. Tuchin PJ, Pollard H, Bonello R. A randomized controlled trial of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for migraine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:91–95
  13. Roston JB, Wheeler-Haines R. Cracking in the metacarpophalangeal joints. J Anat. 1947;81:165–173
  14. Unsworth A, Dawson D, Wright V. Cracking joints. Ann Rheum Dis. 1971;30:348–358
  15. Miereau D, Cassidy JD, Bowen V, Dupuis P, Noftall F. Manipulation and mobilization of the third metacarpophalangeal joint. A quantitative radiographic and range of motion study. Man Med. 1988;3:135–140
  16. Cassidy JD, Lopes AA, Yong-Hing K. The immediate effect of manipulation vs mobilization on pain and range of motion in the cervical spine: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:570–575
  17. Nansel DD, Peneff A, Quintoriano J. Effectiveness of upper vs lower cervical adjustments with respect to amelioration of passive rotational vs lateral-flexion end-range asymmetries in otherwise asymptomatic subjects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:99–105
  18. Whittingham W, Nilsson N. Active range of motion of the cervical spine increases after spinal manipulation (toggle recoil). J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:552–555
  19. Vernon H. Qualitative review of studies of manipulation-induced analgesia. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:134–138

PII: S0161-4754(04)00263-5

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2004.12.009

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 1 , Pages 68-72 , January 2005

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