Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 4 , Pages 289.e1-289.e6 , May 2005

Symptomatic Arnold-Chiari Malformation and Cranial Nerve Dysfunction: a Case Study of Applied Kinesiology Cranial Evaluation and Treatment

  • Scott Cuthbert, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice of Chiropractic, Chiropractic Health Center, Pueblo, Colo
    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: Scott Cuthbert, DC, Chiropractic Health Center, 255 West Abriendo Avenue, Pueblo, CO 81004
  • ,
  • Charles Blum, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice of Chiropractic, Santa Monica, Calif

Received 15 April 2003 ,Revised 6 June 2003

References 

  1. Chusid JG. In: Correlative neuroanatomy & functional neurology. 19th ed.. Los Altos (Calif): Lange Medical Publications; 1985;p. 335
  2. Paul KS, Lye RH, Strang FA, Dutton J. Arnold-Chiari malformation. Review of 71 cases. J Neurosurg. 1983;58:183–187
  3. Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. In: Localization in clinical neurology. 2nd ed.. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1990;p. 175
  4. Murphy DR, Goldstein D, Katz M. Chiropractic adjustment to the cervical spine and the Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993;16:550–555
  5. Smith JL. Effects of upper cervical subluxation concomitant with a mild Arnold-Chiari malformation: a case study. Chiropr Res J. 1997;4:77–81
  6. Carrick FR. Changes in brain function after manipulation of the cervical spine. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:529–545
  7. Terrett A, Gorman R. The eye, the cervical spine, and spinal manipulative therapy: a review of the literature. Chiropr Tech. 1995;7:43–54
  8. Gorman R. The treatment of presumptive optic nerve ischemia by spinal manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:172–177
  9. Gorman R. Monocular visual loss after closed head trauma: immediate resolution associated with spinal manipulation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:308–314
  10. Walther DS. Applied kinesiology synopsis. 2nd ed.. Pueblo (Colo): Systems DC; 2000;
  11. Goodheart GJ. Applied kinesiology workshop procedure manual. Detroit (Mich): the author; 1964-1999;
  12. Leisman G, Schwartz J. Ocular-motor function and information processing: implications for the reading process. Int J Neurosci. 1977;8:7–15
  13. Walther DS. Applied kinesiology vol. II: head, neck, and jaw pain and dysfunction—the stomatognathic system. Pueblo (Colo): Systems DC; 1983;
  14. Crisera P. In: Cranio sacral energetics. vol. 1:Rome (Italy): the author; 1997;p. 217–218
  15. Klein R. A challenge based kinesiological protocol (or AK for DCs from Missouri), part one of a series. Dig Chiropr Econ. 1988;30:40–43
  16. Klein R. Using the challenge based applied kinesiological protocol. Dig Chiropr Econ. 1988;30:58–61
  17. Retzlaff EW, Mitchell FW. In: The cranium and its sutures. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1987;p. 68
  18. Friedman HD, Gilliar WG, Glassman JH. In: Osteopathic manipulative medicine approaches to the primary respiratory mechanism. San Francisco: International Manual Medicine Society; 2000;p. 221–253
  19. Magoun HL. In: Osteopathy in the cranial field. 3rd ed.. Meridian (Iowa): Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation; 1976;p. 100
  20. Sprieser P. The therapy localization overload phenomena. Digest Chiropr Econ. 1990;32:52–54
  21. Nicholas JA, Melvin M, Saraniti AJ. Neurophysiologic inhibition of strength following tactile stimulation of the skin. Am J Sports Med. 1980;8:181–186
  22. DeJarnette MB. Cranial technique. Nebraska City (Neb): the author; 1979-1980;
  23. DeJarnette MB. Sacro occipital technique. Nebraska City (Neb): the author; 1984;
  24. Getzoff H. Sacro occipital technique categories: a systems method chiropractic technique. Chiropr Tech. 1999;11:62–65
  25. Kenin S, Humphreys BK, Hubbard B, Cramer GD. Attachments from the spinal dura to the ligamentum nuchae: incidence, MRI appearance, and strength of attachment. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference of Spinal Manipulation; 2000 Sept 21-24; Bloominton, MN. Des Moines (Iowa): Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research; 2000;p. 202–204
  26. Hack GD, Koritzer RT, Robinson WL, Hallgren RC, Greenman PE. Anatomical relation between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dura mater. Spine. 1995;20:2484–2486
  27. Travell JG, Simons DG. In: Myofascial pain and dysfunction: the trigger point manual, vol I. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1992;p. 60–61
  28. Travell JG, Rinzler SH. The myofascial genesis of pain. Postgrad Med. 1952;11:425–434
  29. Cuthbert SC. Applied kinesiology and myofascia. Int J Appl Kinesiol Kinesiologic Med. 2002;34–39
  30. Lewit K. Chain reactions in disturbed function of the motor system. Manual Med. 1987;3:27–29
  31. Ayres AJ. In: Sensory integration and praxis tests. Los Angeles (Calif): Western Psychological Services; 1989;p. 1–10
  32. Goodheart GJ. In: Applied kinesiology 1979 workshop procedure manual. Detroit (Mich): the author; 1979;p. 24–26
  33. Levy LM, DiChiro G, McCullough DC, Dwyer AJ, Johnson DL, Yang SS. Fixed spinal cord: diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiol. 1988;169:773–778
  34. Brieg A. In: Adverse mechanical tension in the central nervous system. New York (NY): John Wiley & Sons; 1978;p. 39–40
  35. Coggins WN. In: Basic technique: a system of body mechanics. Creve Coeur (Mo): ELCO Publishing Company; 1983;p. 77–85
  36. Blum CL. The effect of movement, stress and mechanoelectric activity within the cranial matrix. Int J Orthod. 1987;25:6–14
  37. Blum CL. Biodynamics of the cranium: a survey. J Cranio-Mandib Pract. 1985;3:164–171
  38. Pederick FO. Developments in the cranial field. Chiropr J Aust. 2000;30:13–23
  39. Leach RA. In: The chiropractic theories: principles and clinical applications. Baltimore (Md): Williams & Wilkins; 1994;p. 89–119
  40. Gray H. In: Anatomy of the human body. 29th ed. (American). Philadelphia: Lea & Feabgger; 1973;p. 1010–1011
  41. Upledger JE. In: Craniosacral therapy II: beyond the dura. Seattle (Wash): Eastland Press; 1987;p. 115–130
  42. Blum C. Cranial therapeutic approach to cranial nerve entrapment part I: cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. ACA J Chiropr. 1988;22:63–67
  43. Magoun H. Entrapment neuropathy in the cranium. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1968;67:779–787
  44. Patten J. In: Neurological differential diagnosis. 2nd ed.. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1995;p. 245–246
  45. Moller AR. The cranial nerve vascular compression syndrome. Rev Treat Acta Neurochir. 1991;113:18–23
  46. Dyck PJ, Thomos PK. In: 3rd ed.. Peripheral neuropathy. vol. 2:Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993;p. 513–567
  47. Brieg A, Tumbull I, Hassler O. Effects of mechanical stresses on the spinal cord in cervical spondylosis. A study of fresh cadaver material. J Neurosurg. 1966;25:45–56
  48. Lundborg G. Intraneural microcirculation. Orthop Clin North Am. 1988;19:1–12
  49. Butler DS. In: Mobilization of the nervous system. Melbourne: Churchill-Livingstone; 1991;p. 75–77
  50. Steiger HJ. The anatomy of headache. Manual Med. 1987;3:37–39

PII: S0161-4754(05)00078-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.03.001

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 4 , Pages 289.e1-289.e6 , May 2005