Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 346-351 , June 2005

A Case of Abnormal Findings in the Course of the Vertebral Artery Associated with an Ossified Hyoid Apparatus. A Contraindication for Manipulation of the Cervical Spine?

  • Barbara Cagnie, PT, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Research Assistant, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: Barbara Cagnie, PT, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 6K3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Erik Barbaix, MD

      Affiliations

    • Research Assistant, Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Elke Vinck, PT

      Affiliations

    • Doctoral Student, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Katharina D'Herde, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Human Anatomy, Embryology, Histology and Medical Physics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • ,
  • Dirk Cambier, PT, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Received 3 December 2003 ,Revised 19 April 2004

References 

  1. Fini G, Gasparini G, Filippini F, et al. The long styloid process syndrome or Eagle's syndrome. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2000;28:123–127
  2. Omnell K, Gandhi C, Omnell M. Ossification of the human stylohyoid ligament: a longitudinal study. Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:226–232
  3. Camarda A, Deschamps C, Forest D. I. Styloid chain ossification: a discussion of etiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;67:508–514
  4. Camarda A, Deschamps C, Forest D. II. Styloid chain ossification: a discussion of etiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989;67:515–520
  5. Eagle W. Elongated styloid process: report of two cases. Arch Otolaryngol. 1937;25:584–587
  6. Messer E, Abramson A. The styloid syndrome. J Oral Surg. 1975;33:664–667
  7. Monsour P, Young W. Variability of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament in panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61:522–526
  8. Smith R, Cherry J. Traumatic Eagle's syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1988;46:606–609
  9. Steinman I. Styloid syndrome in the absence of an elongated process. Acta Otolaryngol. 1968;66:347–356
  10. Arnould G, Tridon P, Laxenaire M. Appareil stylo-hyoidien et malforamtions de la charnière occipito-vertébrale. A propos de cinq observation. Rev Otoneuroophtalmol. 1969;41:190–195
  11. Johnson C, Scraggs M, How T, Burns J. A necropsy and histomorphometric study of abnormalities in the course of the vertebral artery associated with ossified stylohyoid ligaments. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:637–640
  12. McCorkell S. Fractures of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament: an uncommon injury. J Trauma. 1985;25:1010–1012
  13. Queresby F, Gold E, Arnold J. Eagle's syndrome in an 11-year old patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;59:94–97
  14. Guo B, Jaovisidha S, Sartoris D, Ryu KN, Berthiaume MJ, Clopton P. Correlation between ossification of the stylohyoid ligament and osteophytes of the cervical spine. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1575–1581
  15. Bafaqeeh S. Eagle syndrome: classic and carotid artery types. J Otolaryngol. 2000;29:88–94
  16. Miller DB. Eagle's syndrome and the trauma patient. Significance of an elongated styloid process and/or ossified stylohyoid ligament. Funct Orthod. 1997;14:30–35
  17. Shimada K, Davis W, DiDio L. The mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament. Surg Radiol Anat. 1986;8:67–70
  18. Shimada K, Gasser R. Morphology of the mandibulo-stylohyoid ligament in human adults. Anat Rec. 1988;222:207–210
  19. Thiel H. Gross morphology and pathoanatomy of the vertebral arteries. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:133–141
  20. Chen C, Wang L, Wong Y. Abnormal origin of the vertebral artery from the common carotid artery. Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1414–1416
  21. Larsen W. Human embryology. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1997;
  22. Barbaix E, Kerckaert I, D'Herde K, Depreter M, Espeel M. Simultaneous occurrence of a thyromediastinal muscle, a truncus bicaroticobrachialis, and a left superior vena cava. Clin Anat. 2003;16:176–181
  23. Roszel A. Über die anomalie der arteria subclavia dextra und über die persistez der vena cava superior sinistra. Anat Anz. 1966;118:348–367
  24. Van Roy P, Barbaix E, Clarijs J. Functional anatomy of the cervical spine. In:  Szpalski M,  Gunzburg R editor. The degenerative cervical spine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001;p. 3–27
  25. Assendelft W, Bouter L, Knipschild P. Complications of spinal manipulation. A comprehensive review of the literature. J Fam Pract. 1996;42:475–480
  26. O'Shaughnessy T, Levenson R. Basic treatment precepts pursuant to a whiplash episode. Funct Orthod. 1994;11:16–20
  27. Blomgren K, Varnberg Y, Valtonen H. Spontaneous fracture of an ossified stylohyoid ligament. J Laryngol Otol. 1999;113:854–855
  28. Babad M. Eagle's syndrome caused by traumatic fracture of a mineralised stylohyoid ligament: literature review and a case report. J Craniomandibular Prac. 1995;13:188–192
  29. Balasubramanian S. The ossification of the stylohyoid ligament and its relation to facial pain. Br Dent J. 1964;4:08–11

 Source of support: Ghent University.

PII: S0161-4754(05)00107-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.04.007

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 5 , Pages 346-351 , June 2005