Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 493-501 , September 2005

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Manual Versus Mechanical Force Manipulation in the Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome

  • Kirstin A. Shearar, MTech

      Affiliations

    • Chiropractic Department, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  • ,
  • Christopher J. Colloca, DC

      Affiliations

    • State of the Art Chiropractic Center, P.C., Phoenix, Ariz; Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz; and External Examiner, Chiropractic Department, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa
    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: Christopher J. Colloca, DC, State of the Art Chiropractic Center, PC, 11011 S. 48th St., Suite 220, Phoenix, AZ 85044.
  • ,
  • Horace L. White, MChiro, BEd

      Affiliations

    • Research Supervisor, Chiropractic Departments, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa

Received 3 December 2003 ,Revised 18 February 2004

References 

  1. van Tulder M, Koes B, Bombardier C. Low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16:761–775
  2. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Bogduk N. The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:31–37
  3. Calvillo O, Skaribas I, Turnipseed J. Anatomy and pathophysiology of the sacroiliac joint. Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4:356–361
  4. Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Burton CV. Managing low back pain. 3rd ed. New York (NY): Churchill Livingstone; 1992;
  5. Cibulka MT, Delitto A, Koldehoff RM. Changes in innominate tilt after manipulation of the sacroiliac joint in patients with low back pain. An experimental study. Phys Ther. 1988;68:1359–1363
  6. Dreyfuss P, Michaelsen M, Pauza K, McLarty J, Bogduk N. The value of medical history and physical examination in diagnosing sacroiliac joint pain. Spine. 1996;21:2594–2602
  7. Bernard TN, Kirkaldy-Willis WH. Recognizing specific characteristics of nonspecific low back pain. Clin Orthop. 1987;217:266–280
  8. Ferrante FM, King LF, Roche EA, Kim PS, Aranda M, Delaney LR, et al. Radiofrequency sacroiliac joint denervation for sacroiliac syndrome. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001;26:137–142
  9. Suter E, McMorland G, Herzog W, Bray R. Decrease in quadriceps inhibition after sacroiliac joint manipulation in patients with anterior knee pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:149–153
  10. Suter E, McMorland G, Herzog W, Bray R. Conservative lower back treatment reduces inhibition in knee-extensor muscles: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:76–80
  11. Herzog W, Scheele D, Conway PJ. Electromyographic responses of back and limb muscles associated with spinal manipulative therapy. Spine. 1999;24:146–152
  12. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Electromyographic reflex response to mechanical force, manually-assisted spinal manipulative therapy. Spine. 2001;26:1117–1124
  13. Murphy BA, Dawson NJ, Slack JR. Sacroiliac joint manipulation decreases the H-reflex. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995;35:87–94
  14. Herzog W, Conway PJ, Willcox BJ. Effects of different treatment modalities on gait symmetry and clinical measures for sacroiliac joint patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:104–109
  15. Osterbauer PJ, De Boer KF, Widmaier R, Petermann E, Fuhr AW. Treatment and biomechanical assessment of patients with chronic sacroiliac joint syndrome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993;16:82–90
  16. Triano J. The mechanics of spinal manipulation. In:  Herzog W editors. Clinical biomechanics of spinal manipulation. Philadelphia (Pa): Churchill Livingstone; 2000;p. 92–190
  17. Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen DM. Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Gaithersburg (Md): Aspen Publishers; 1992;
  18. Christensen MG, Kerkoff D, Kollach MW. Job analysis of chiropractic 2000. Greeley (Colo): National Board of Chiropractic Examiners; 2000;
  19. Gemmell HA, Jacobson BH. The immediate effect of Activator vs. Meric adjustment on acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1995;18:453–456
  20. Yurkiw D, Mior S. Comparison of two chiropractic techniques on pain and lateral flexion in neck pain patients: a pilot study. Chiropr Tech. 1996;8:155–162
  21. Wood TG, Colloca CJ, Matthews R. A pilot randomized clinical trial on the relative effect of instrumental (MFMA) versus manual (HVLA) manipulation in the treatment of cervical spine dysfunction. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:260–271
  22. Stig LC, Nilsson O, Leboeuf-Yde C. Recovery pattern of patients treated with chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for long-lasting or recurrent low back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:288–291
  23. Seth SD. In: Textbook of pharmacology. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Churchill Livingstone; 1999;p. 174
  24. Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Volkers AC, Snijders CJ. Relation between form and function in the sacroiliac joint. Part I: clinical anatomical aspects. Spine. 1990;15:130–132
  25. Laslett M, Williams M. The reliability of selected pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint pathology. Spine. 1994;19:1243–1249
  26. Magee DJ. Orthopedic physical assessment. 3rd ed. St. Louis (Mo): WB Saunders Co; 1997;
  27. Schaefer RC, Faye LJ. Motion palpation and chiropractic technique. 2nd ed. Huntington Beach (Ca): Motion Palpation Institute; 1990;
  28. Griner PF, Mayewski RJ, Mushlin AI, Greenland P. Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures. Principles and applications. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:557–592
  29. Fuhr AW, Colloca CJ, Green JR, Keller TS. Activator methods chiropractic technique. St. Louis (Mo): Mosby Year-Book Inc; 1997;
  30. Colloca CJ, Fuhr AW. Safety in chiropractic practice. Part II: treatment to the upper neck and the rate of cerebrovascular incidents. [letter] J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1997;20:567–568
  31. Von Korff M, Jensen MP, Karoly P. Assessing global pain severity by self-report in clinical and health services research. Spine. 2000;25:3140–3151
  32. Bolton JE, Wilkinson RC. Responsiveness of pain scales: a comparison of three pain intensity measures in chiropractic patients. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:1–7
  33. Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986;27:117–126
  34. Fairbank J. Revised Oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine. 2000;25:2549–2553
  35. Fairbank JC. The use of revised Oswestry disability questionnaire. Spine. 2000;25:2846–2847
  36. Fischer AA. Pressure threshold meter: its use for quantification of tender spots. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:836–838
  37. Fischer AA. Pressure tolerance over muscles and bones in normal subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:406–409
  38. Fischer AA. Pressure algometry over normal muscles. Standard values, validity and reproducibility of pressure threshold. Pain. 1987;30:115–126
  39. Fischer AA. Tissue compliance meter for objective, quantitative documentation of soft tissue consistency and pathology. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:122–125
  40. Keller TS, Colloca CJ. Mechanical force spinal manipulation increases trunk muscle strength assessed by electromyography: a comparative clinical trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:585–595
  41. Hawk C, Azad A, Phongphua C, Long CR. Preliminary study of the effects of a placebo chiropractic treatment with sham adjustments. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:436–443
  42. Grob KR, Neuhuber WL, Kissling RO. Die Innervation des Sacroiliacalgelenkes beim Menschen (Innervation of the sacroiliac joint of the human), Z Rheumatol. 1995;54:117–122
  43. Vilensky JA, O'Connor BL, Fortin JD, Merkel GJ, Jimenez AM, Scofield BA, et al. Histologic analysis of neural elements in the human sacroiliac joint. Spine. 2002;27:1202–1207
  44. Fortin JD, Aprill CN, Ponthieux B, Pier J. Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part II: clinical evaluation. Spine. 1994;19:1483–1489
  45. Fortin JD, Dwyer AP, West S, Pier J. Sacroiliac joint: pain referral maps upon applying a new injection/arthrography technique. Part I: asymptomatic volunteers. Spine. 1994;19:1475–1482
  46. Slipman CW, Jackson HB, Lipetz JS, Chan KT, Lenrow D, Vresilovic EJ. Sacroiliac joint pain referral zones. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:334–338
  47. Fortin JD, Kissling RO, O'Connor BL, Vilensky JA. Sacroiliac joint innervation and pain. Am J Orthop. 1999;28:687–690
  48. French SD, Green S, Forbes A. Reliability of chiropractic methods commonly used to detect manipulable lesions in patients with chronic low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2000;23:231–238
  49. Young S, Aprill C, Laslett M. Correlation of clinical examination characteristics with three sources of chronic low back pain. Spine J. 2003;3:460–465
  50. Indahl A, Kaigle A, Reikeras O, Holm SH. Sacroiliac joint involvement in activation of the porcine spinal and gluteal musculature. J Spinal Disord. 1999;12:325–330
  51. Snijders CJ, Ribbers MT, de Bakker HV, Stoeckart R, Stam HJ. EMG recordings of abdominal and back muscles in various standing postures: validation of a biomechanical model on sacroiliac joint stability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1998;8:205–214
  52. Lund T, Nydegger T, Schlenzka D, Oxland TR. Three-dimensional motion patterns during active bending in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine. 2002;27:1865–1874
  53. Wilke HJ, Fischer K, Jeanneret B, Claes L, Magerl F. In-vivo-Messung der dreidimensionalen Bewegung des Iliosakralgelenks (In vivo measurement of 3-dimensional movement of the iliosacral joint), Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1997;135:550–556
  54. Smidt GL, Wei SH, McQuade K, Barakatt E, Sun T, Stanford W. Sacroiliac motion for extreme hip positions. A fresh cadaver study. Spine. 1997;22:2073–2082
  55. Wang M, Bryant JT, Dumas GA. A new in vitro measurement technique for small three-dimensional joint motion and its application to the sacroiliac joint. Med Eng Phys. 1996;18:495–501
  56. Wang M, Dumas GA. Mechanical behavior of the female sacroiliac joint and influence of the anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments under sagittal loads. Clin Biomech. 1998;13:293–299
  57. Egund N, Olsson TH, Schmid H, Selvik G. Movements in the sacroiliac joints demonstrated with roentgen stereophotogrammetry. Acta Radiol Diagn. 1978;19:833–846
  58. Toussaint R, Gawlik CS, Rehder U, Ruther W. Sacroiliac dysfunction in construction workers. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999;22:134–138
  59. Leboeuf-Yde C, Van Dijk J, Franz C, Hustad SA, Olsen D, Pihl T, et al. Motion palpation findings and self-reported low back pain in a population-based study sample. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2002;25:80–87
  60. van der WP, Meyne W, Hagmeijer RH. Clinical tests of the sacroiliac joint. Man Ther. 2000;5:89–96
  61. Nussbaum EL, Downes L. Reliability of clinical pressure-pain algometric measurements obtained on consecutive days. Phys Ther. 1998;78:160–169
  62. Shekelle PG. Spinal manipulation. Spine. 1994;19:858–861
  63. Wyke B. Articular neurology and manipulative therapy. In:  Idczak RM,  Dewhurst D,  Glasgow EF,  Tehan P,  Ward AR editor. Aspects of manipulative therapy. Proceedings of a multidisciplinary international conference on manipulative therapy; 1979 August. Melbourne (Australia): Carlton Victoria: Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences; 1980;p. 67–72
  64. Willis W, Coggeshall R. Sensory mechanisms of the spinal cord. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Plenum Press; 1991;
  65. Thabe H. Electromyography as a tool to document diagnostic findings and therapeutic results associated with somatic dysfunctions in the upper cervical spinal joints and sacroiliac joints. Man Med. 1986;2:53–58
  66. Herzog W. Mechanical, physiologic, and neuromuscular considerations of chiropractic treatments. In:  Lawrence DJ,  Cassidy JD,  McGregor M,  Meeker WC,  Vernon HT editor. Advances in chiropractic. St. Louis (Mo): Mosby-Year Book Inc; 1996;p. 269–285
  67. Meade TW, Dyer S, Browne W, Frank AO. Randomized comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain: results from extended follow up. BMJ. 1995;311:349–351
  68. Triano JJ, McGregor M, Hondras MA, Brennan PC. Manipulative therapy versus education programs in chronic low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:948–955
  69. Tullberg T, Blomberg S, Branth B, Johnsson R. Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine. 1998;23:1124–1128
  70. Gatterman MI, Cooperstein R, Lantz C, Perle SM, Schneider MJ. Rating specific chiropractic technique procedures for common low back conditions. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001;24:449–456

 Submitted as a dissertation to the Faculty of Health, in compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology from the Chiropractic Department, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa. Presented at the Association of Chiropractic Colleges/Research Agenda IX Conference, Las Vegas, NV, March 11-14, 2004.

 Sources of support: None declared.

PII: S0161-4754(05)00184-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.07.006

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 28, Issue 7 , Pages 493-501 , September 2005