Effect of High-Intensity Strength-Training on Functional Measures of Balance Ability in Balance-Impaired Older Adults
Received 27 July 2004; received in revised form 21 April 2005
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 10-week, high-intensity strength-training program targeting key lower extremity muscles for the purpose of improving postural control in balance-impaired older adults.
Methods
A quasi-experimental, delayed entry controlled design was used to evaluate balance ability in balance-impaired older adults after participation in 10 weeks of high-intensity strength training focused on the quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. Participants were evaluated using validated clinical measures of functional balance ability: the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go, and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale.
Results
After strength training, the exercisers were significantly stronger than the control subjects. They improved significantly on the Berg Balance Scale (P = .030) from a mean score of 48.8 ± 2.4 of 56 before training to 51.2 ± 4.3 of 56 after training. The Timed Up and Go (P = .045) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (P = .038) also improved significantly in the experimental group. These changes are associated with a decrease in fall risk.
Conclusions
High-intensity strength training can safely and effectively strengthen lower extremity muscles in balance-impaired older adults, resulting in significant improvements in functional balance ability and decreased fall risk.
aFaculty of the Labor Education and Research Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore
bFaculty of the Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore
Submit requests for reprints to: Jennifer A. Hess, DC, MPH, PhD, Labor Education and Research Center, 1289 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.
Source of support: This research was supported by a Northwest Health Foundation, Poland, Ore, student grant; the University of Oregon Center for Study of Women in Society, Eugene, Ore, Stanton scholarship; and a Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research fellowship.
ABSTRACT