Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 29, Issue 1 , Pages 14-21 , January 2006

Spinal Manipulative Therapy Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines but Not Substance P Production in Normal Subjects

  • Julita A. Teodorczyk-Injeyan, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Associate Professor, Division of Research, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • ,
  • H. Stephen Injeyan, PhD, DC

      Affiliations

    • Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Canadian Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: H. Stephen Injeyan, PhD, DC, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2H 3J1.
    • ,
  • Richard Ruegg, PhD, DC

      Affiliations

    • Assistant Professor and Associate Dean of Clinics, Canadian Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received 12 July 2005 ,Revised 20 September 2005

References 

  1. Sato A, Budgell B. Somotoautonomic reflexes. In:  Haldeman S editors. Principles and practice of chiropractic. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2005;p. 301–314
  2. Budgell B, Hotta H, Sato A. Spinovisceral reflexes evoked by noxious and innocuous stimulation of the lumbar spine. J Neuromusculoskel Syst. 1995;3:122–131
  3. Budgell B, Hotta H, Sato A. Reflex responses of bladder motility after stimulation of interspinous tissue in the anesthetized rat. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998;21:593–599
  4. Downing JEG, Miyan JA. Neural immunoregulation: emerging roles for nerves in immune homeostasis and disease. Immunol Today. 2000;21:281–289
  5. Sternberg EM. Neural-immune interactions in health and disease. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:2641–2647
  6. Straub RH, Westermann J, Schölmerich J, Falk W. Dialogue between CNS and the immune system in lymphoid organs. Immunol Today. 1997;19:409–413
  7. Suffredini AF, Fantuzzi G, Badolto R, Oppenheim JJ, O'Grady NP. New insights into the biology of the acute phase response. J Clin Immunol. 1999;19:203–214
  8. Lotz M, Vaughan JH, Carson DA. Effect of neuropeptides on production of inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. Science. 1988;241:1218–1221
  9. Metwali A, Blum AM, Elliott DE, Setiawan T, Weinstock JV. Cutting edge: hemokinin has substance P–like function and expression in inflammation. J Immunol. 2004;172:6528–6532
  10. Burke JG, Watson WG, McCormack D, Dowling FE, Walsh MG, Fitzpatrick JM. Intervertebral discs which cause low back pain secrete high levels of proinflammatory mediators. J Bone Joint Surg. 2002;84-B:196–201
  11. Brennan P, Kokjohn K, Kaltinger CJ, Lohr GE, Glendening C, Hondras M, et al. Enhanced phagocytic respiratory burst induced by spinal manipulation: potential role of substance P. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14:399–410
  12. Brennan P, Triano JJ, McGregor M, Kokjohn K, Hondras M, Brennan D. Enhanced neutrophils respiratory burst as a biological marker for manipulation forces: duration of the effect and association with substance P and tumor necrosis factor. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992;15:83–89
  13. Wilson BM, Severn A, Rapson NT, Chana J, Hopkins P. A convenient human whole blood culture system for studying the regulation of tumor necrosis factor release by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Immunol Methods. 1991;139:233–240
  14. Danis VA, Millington M, Hyland M, Grennan D. Cytokine production by normal human monocytes. Inter-subject variation and relationship to an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphism. Clin Exp Immunol. 1995;94:303–310
  15. Jansky L, Reymanova P, Kopecky J. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS or infected by Borrelia. Phys Res. 2003;52:593–598
  16. Colton T. Statistics in medicine. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1972;
  17. Malm C, Nyberg P, Engstöm M, Sjödin B, Lenkei R, Ekblom B, et al. Immunological changes in human skeletal muscles and blood after eccentric exercise and multiple biopsies. J Physiol. 2000;529:243–262
  18. Chambers RL, Mc Dermott JC. Molecular basis of skeletal muscle regeneration. Can J Appl Physiol. 1996;21:155–184
  19. Le Tulzo Y, Shenkar R, Kaneko D, Moine P, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello C, et al. Hemorrhage increases cytokine expression in lung mononuclear cells in mice. J Clin Invest. 1997;99:1516–1524
  20. Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K. Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS activation cluster. Trends Immunol. 2002;23:301–305
  21. Kirikae T, Kirikae F, Iwai H, Quereshi N, Fukase K, Kusumoto S, et al. LPS-dependent changes in the expression of 57kDa and 53kDa cell membrane proteins without participation of CD14. J Endotoxin Res. 1999;5:62–65
  22. Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Fernandez N. Rough and smooth forms of fluorescein-labelled bacterial endotoxin exhibit CD14/LBP dependent and independent binding that is influenced by endotoxin concentration. Eur J Biochem. 2000;267:2218–2226
  23. Cassatella M. The production of cytokines by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Immunol Today. 1995;16:21–26
  24. De Groote D, Zangerle PF, Vrindts-Gerart Y, Fassote MF, Beguin Y, Noizat-Pirenne J, et al. Direct stimulation of cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-2, IFNγ and GM-CSF) in whole blood. Comparison with isolated PBMC stimulation. Cytokine. 1992;4:239–248
  25. Ross JK, Bereznik DE, McGill SM. Determining cavitation location during lumbar and thoracic spinal manipulation. Spine. 2004;29:1452–1457
  26. Straub RH, Besedovsky HO. Integrated evolutionary, immunological, and neuroendocrine framework for the pathogenesis of chronic disabling inflammatory diseases. FASEB J. 2003;17:2176–2183
  27. Blalock JE. Harnessing a neural-immune circuit to control inflammation and shock. J Exp Med. 2002;195:F25–F28
  28. Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Nardi D, Zhang M, Yang H, Ombrellino M, et al. Role of vagus nerve signaling in CNI-1493–mediated suppression of acute inflammation. Auton Neurosci. 2000;85:141–147
  29. Tracey KJ. The inflammatory reflex. Nature. 2002;420:853–859
  30. Bernik T, Friedman S, Ochani M, DiRaimo R, Ulloa L, Yang H, et al. Pharmacological stimulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. J Exp Med. 2002;195:781–788
  31. Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina G, Watkins L, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature. 2000;405:458–462
  32. Tracey KJ, Czura CJ, Ivanova S. Mind over immunity. FASEB J. 2001;15:1575–1576
  33. Pavlov V, Wang H, Czura CJ, Friedman S, Tracey KJ. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a missing link in neuroimmunomodulation. Mol Med. 2003;9:125–134
  34. Wang H, Yu M, Ochani M, Amella CA, Tanovic M, Susaria S, et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit is essential regulator of inflammation. Nature. 2003;421:384–388
  35. Bronfort G. Spinal manipulation: current state of research and its indications. Neurol Clin. 1999;17:91–111
  36. Mohammadian P, Gonsalves A, Tsai C, Hummel T, Carpenter T. Areas of capsaicin- induced secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia are reduced by a single chiropractic adjustment: a preliminary study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:381–387
  37. Cooper RG, Freemont AJ. TNF-α blockade for herniated intervertebral disc–induced sciatica: a way forward at last?. Rheumatology. 2004;43:119–121
  38. Starkweather A, Witek-Janusek L, Mathews HL. Neural-immune interactions: implications for pain management in patients with low-back pain and sciatica. Biol Res Nurs. 2005;6:196–206

 Sources of support: This study was supported by the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College and a Public Health Service grant no. U24 AR45166 through the Consortial Center for Chiropractic Research. The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors.

PII: S0161-4754(05)00325-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2005.10.002

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 29, Issue 1 , Pages 14-21 , January 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution