Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 29, Issue 4 , Pages 305-314 , May 2006

Electromyogram and Force Patterns in Variably Timed Manual Muscle Testing of the Middle Deltoid Muscle

  • Katharine Conable, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice; and Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, Mo
    • Corresponding Author InformationSubmit requests for reprints to: Katharine M. Conable, DC, Logan College of Chiropractic, 1851 Schoettler Rd, PO Box 1065, Chesterfield, MO 63006-1065.
  • ,
  • John Corneal, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice
  • ,
  • Terry Hambrick, DC

      Affiliations

    • Private Practice
  • ,
  • Nelson Marquina, DC, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Engineering Consultant, Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, Mo
  • ,
  • John Zhang, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, Mo

Received 26 August 2005

References 

  1. Conable K, Corneal J, Hambrick T, Marquina N, Zhang J. Investigation of methods and styles of manual muscle testing by applied kinesiology practitioners. J Chiropr Med. 2005;4:1–10
  2. Kendall HO, Kendall FP, Wadsworth GE. In: Muscles—testing and function. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1993;p. 3–15
  3. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG. In: Muscles—testing and function. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1993;p. 179–190
  4. GJ Goodheart, Applied kinesiology. Detroit: privately published; 1964. p. 10-70.
  5. International College of Applied Kinesiology [homepage on the Internet]. Shawnee Mission, KS: ICAK; 2005 [updated 2005 August 23; cited 2005 August 23]. Available from: http://www.icak.com/about/chapterreports2004.shtml.
  6. Schmitt, WH. Muscle testing as functional neurology: differentiating functional upper motor-neuron and functional lower motor-neuron problems. Selected papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology 1986: p. 21-32
  7. Vasiljeva LF. Clinical and experimental substantiation of the functional muscle weakness phenomenon. In: Proceedings of International College of Applied Kinesiology International Annual Meeting [CD-ROM], 2004; Rome, Italy [CD-ROM]. Shawnee Mission (Kan): ICAK; 2004;
  8. Vasiljeva LF, Chernysheva TN, Korenbaum VI, Aukhtina TP. About peculiarities of the effect of muscle functional weakness. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the International College of Applied Kinesiology-USA, Volume 1, 2001-2002. Kansas City: International College of Applied Kinesiology; 2001;p. 63–66
  9. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Electromyographic reflex responses to mechanical force, manually assisted spinal manipulative therapy. Spine. 2001;26:1117–1124
  10. Caruso W, Leisman G. The clinical utility of force/displacement analysis. Int J Neuroscience. 2001;106:147–157

PII: S0161-4754(06)00046-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2006.03.002

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 29, Issue 4 , Pages 305-314 , May 2006