Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 301-311 , May 2007

Unloaded Movement Facilitation Exercise Compared to No Exercise or Alternative Therapy on Outcomes for People with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

  • Susan C. Slade, PT

      Affiliations

    • PhD Candidate, School of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
    • Corresponding Author InformationSusan Slade PT, P.O. Box 1241, Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia.
    • ,
  • Jennifer L. Keating, PhD, PT

      Affiliations

    • Professor, Head of Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

Received 14 November 2006 ,Revised 1 January 2007 ,Accepted 20 February 2007.

References 

  1. Hayden JA, vanTulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;3:1–68
  2. vanTulder MW, Malmivaara A, Esmail R, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;1:1–26
  3. Walker BF, Muller R, Grant WD. Low back pain in Australian adults: health provider utilization and care seeking. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:327–335
  4. Ostelo RWJ, de Vet HCW, Waddell G, et al. Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;1:1–16
  5. Ostelo RWJ, de Vet HCW, Waddell G, et al. Rehabilitation following first-time lumbar disc surgery: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration. Spine. 2003;28:209–218
  6. Guzman J, Esmail R, Karjalainin K, Malmivaara A, Irvin E, Bombardier C. Multidisciplinary bio-psycho-social rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;
  7. Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara AV, Koes BW. Meta-Analysis: exercise therapy for nonspecific low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:765–776
  8. Schonstein E, Kenny DT, Keating JL, Koes BW. Work conditioning, work hardening and functional restoration for workers with back and neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;
  9. Clare HA, Adams R, Maher CG. A systematic review of efficacy of McKenzie therapy for spinal pain. Aust J Physiother. 2004;50:209–216
  10. Kool J, de Bie R, Oesch P, Knusel O, van den Brandt P, Bachmann S. Exercise reduces sick leave in patients with non-acute non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36:49–62
  11. Liddle SD, Baxter GD, Gracey JH. Exercise and chronic low back pain: what works?. Pain. 2004;107:176–190
  12. Machado LAC, De Souza MVS, Ferreira PH, Ferreira ML. The McKenzie method for low back pain: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis approach. Spine. 2006;31:E254–E262
  13. Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Tomlinson G. Systematic review: strategies for using exercise therapy to improve outcomes for chronic low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005;1:776–785
  14. Slade SC, Keating JL. Trunk-strengthening exercises for chronic low back pain: a systematic review. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006;29:163–173
  15. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Lancet. 1999;354:1896–1900
  16. van Tulder MW, Furlan A, Bombadier C, Bouter L. Updated method guidelines for systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine. 2003;28:1290–1299
  17. Pengel L, Herbert RD, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. BMJ. 2003;327:323–325
  18. Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Manniche C. Low back pain: what is the long-term course? A review of studies of general patient populations. Eur Spine. 2003;12:149–165
  19. Leboeuf-Yde C, Borge JA, Lothe J, et al. The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: demographic and clinical predictors for outcome in patients receiving chiropractic treatment for persistent low-back pain. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27:493–502
  20. Bombardier C. Outcome assessments in the evaluation of treatment of spinal disorders: summary and general recommendations. Spine. 2000;25:3100–3103
  21. Deyo RA, Battie M, Beurskens AJH, et al. Outcome measures for low back pain research: a proposal for standardized use. Spine. 1998;23:2003–2013
  22. Wilcznski NL, Haynes RB, Team H. EMBASE search strategies for identifying methodologically sound diagnostic studies for use by clinicians. BMC Med. 2005;3:7–12
  23. Wong SS, Wilcznski NL, Haynes RB. Optimal CINAHL search strategies for identifying therapy studies and review articles. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2006;38:194–199
  24. Zhang L, Ajiferuke I, Sampson M. Optimizing search strategies to identify randomized controlled trials in MEDLINE. BMC Med Res Method. 2006;6:23–32
  25. Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AL, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating methodological quality of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83:713–727
  26. Altman DG, Sculz KF, Moher D, Egger ML. The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:663–694
  27. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.;
  28. Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Latimer J, Herbert RD, Maher CG. Does spinal manipulative therapy help people with chronic low back pain?. Aust J Physiother. 2002;48:277–284
  29. Hedges L, Olkin I. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. USA: Academic Press; 1985;
  30. Herbert RD. How to estimate treatment effects from reports of clinical trials: 1. Continuous outcomes. Aust J Physiother. 2000;46:229–235
  31. In:  Higgins JPT,  Green S editor. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 4.2.6. Chapter 8: 97-165. [updated September 2006]. In the Cochrane Library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006;
  32. Brotz D, Kuker W, Maschke E, Wick W, Dichgans J, Weller M. A prospective trial of mechanical physiotherapy for lumbar disk prolapse. J Neurol. 2003;250:746–749
  33. Donelson R, McKenzie R. Effects of spinal flexion and extension exercises on low-back pain and spinal mobility in chronic mechanical low-back pain patients. Spine. 1992;17:1267–1268
  34. Erhard RE, Delitto A, Cibulka MT. Relative effectiveness of an extension program and a combined program of manipulation and flexion and extension exercises in patients with acute low back syndrome. Phys Ther. 1994;74:1093–1100
  35. Fiebert I, Keller CD. Are ‘passive’ extension exercises really passive?. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994;19:111–116
  36. Karas R, McIntosh G, Hall H, Wilson L, Melles T. The relationship between nonorganic signs and centralization of symptoms in the prediction of return to work for patients with low back pain. Phys Ther. 1997;77:354–360
  37. Kumarlal FC. Comparative study finds McKenzie protocol 97% effective against lumbar syndrome. Phys Ther. 1988;68:1949–1951
  38. Nguwa G, Nguwa V. Relative therapeutic efficacy of the Williams and McKenzie protocols in back pain management. Physiother Pract. 1985;1:99–105
  39. Ponte DJ, Jensen GJ, Kent BE. A preliminary report on the use of the McKenzie protocol versus Williams protocol in the treatment of low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1984;6:130–139
  40. Delitto A, Cibulka MT, Erhard RE. Evidence of use of an extension mobilization category in acute low back syndrome: a prescriptive validation pilot study. Phys Ther. 1993;73:216–228
  41. Dettori JR, Bullock SH, Sutlive TG, Franklin RJ, Patience T. The effects of spinal flexion and extension exercises and their associated postures in patients with acute low back pain. Spine. 1995;20:2303–2312
  42. Gillan MG, Ross JC, McLean IP, Porter RW. The natural history of trunk list, its associated disability and the influence of McKenzie management. Eur Spine. 1998;7:480–483
  43. Long A, Donelson R, Fung T. Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine. 2004;29:2593–2602
  44. Malmivaara A, Hakkinen A, Aro T. The treatment of acute low back pain: bed rest, exercises or ordinary activity?. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:351–355
  45. Schenk RJ, Jozefczyk C, Kopf A. A randomized trial comparing interventions in patients with lumbar posterior derangement. J Man Manip Ther. 2003;11:95–102
  46. Sufka A, Hauger B, Trenary M, et al. Centralization of low back pain and perceived functional outcome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;27:205–212
  47. Elnaggar IM, Nordin M, Sheikhzadeh A, Parnianpour M, Kahanovitz N. Effects of spinal flexion and extension exercises on low-back pain and spinal mobility in chronic mechanical low-back pain patients. Spine. 1991;16:967–972
  48. Hakkinen A, Ylinen J, Kautiainen H, Tarvainen U, Kiviranta I. Effects of home strength training and stretching versus stretching alone after lumbar disk surgery: a randomized study with a 1-year follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:865–870
  49. Mailloux J, Finno M, Rainville J. Long-term exercise adherence in the elderly with chronic low back pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;85:120–126
  50. Spratt KF, Weinstein JN, Lehmann TR, Woody J, Sayre H. Efficacy of flexion and extension treatments incorporating braces for low-back pain patients with retrodisplacement, spondylolisthesis, or normal sagittal translation. Spine. 1993;18:1839–1849
  51. Timm KE. A randomized-control study of active and passive treatments for chronic low back pain following L5 laminectomy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1994;20:276–286
  52. Yilmaz F, Yilmaz A, Merdol F, Parlar D, Sahin F, Kuran B. Efficacy of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise in lumbar microdiscectomy. J Rehabil Med. 2003;35:163–167
  53. Jacobs BP, Mehling W, Goldberg H, et al. Feasibility of conducting a clinical trial on hatha yoga for chronic low back pain: methodological lessons. Altern Ther Health Med. 2004;10:80–84
  54. Wetzel FT, Donelson RD. The role of repeated end-range/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003;3:146–154
  55. Stankovic R, Johnell O. Conservative treatment of acute low back pain: a prospective randomized trial. McKenzie method of treatment versus patient education in a ‘mini back school’. Spine. 1990;15:120–123
  56. Stankovic R, Johnell O. Conservative treatment of acute low back pain: a 5-year follow-up study of two methods of treatment. Spine. 1995;20:469–472
  57. Ernst E, Tillett R, Tveito TH, Eriksen HR, Church TR, Underwood M. United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) randomized trial: effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care. BMJ. 2004;329:1377–1381
  58. Mujic-Skikic E, Trebinjac S, Sakota S, Avdic D. The effects of McKenzie and Brunkow exercise program on spinal mobility comparative study. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2004;4:62–68
  59. Cherkin DC, Deyo RA, Battie M, Street J, Barlow W. A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1021–1029
  60. Miller ER, Schenk RJ, Kames JL, Rousselle JG. A comparison of the McKenzie approach to a specific spine stabilization program for chronic low back pain. J Man Manip Ther. 2005;13:103–112
  61. Petersen T, Kryger P, Ekdahl C, Olsen S, Jacobsen S. The effect of McKenzie therapy as compared with that of intensive strengthening training for the treatment of patients with subacute or chronic low back pain. Spine. 2002;27:1702–1709
  62. Sherman JA, Cherkin DC, Erro J, Miglioretti DL, Deyo RA. Comparing yoga, exercise and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:849–856
  63. Underwood MR, Morgan J. The use of back class teaching extension exercises in the treatment of acute low back pain in primary care. Fam Pract. 1998;15:9–15
  64. Williams KA, Petronis J, Smith D, Goodrich D, Wu J, Ravi N, et al. Effect of Iyengar yoga therapy for chronic low back pain. Pain. 2005;115:107–117
  65. Iyengar BKS. Light on yoga. New York, USA: Schocken Books; 1976;
  66. Iyengar BKS. Tree of yoga. Boston, MA: Shambala; 1989;
  67. Assendelft WJJ, Morton SC, Yu EI, Suttorp MJ, Shekelle PG. Spinal manipulative therapy for the low back: a meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:871–906

 No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s) or drugs.

PII: S0161-4754(07)00082-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2007.03.010

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 301-311 , May 2007

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution